10 bc - command line calculator
11 bash - the standard GNU shell
12 bison - parser generator
18 cron - run shedueled jobs
25 dd - copying binary data
26 can skip, seek, copy by blocks, swap bytes, convert encodings, et
27 'was cc for (copy and convert), but cc was already used.
28 dc - polish calculator
29 ddd- a fancy C debugger
35 emacs - a text editor, extremely configurable
37 ed - the standard editor
42 fsck - rebuilds your trees (equivalent to chkdisk for Windows)
43 fortune - print out a random message
44 find - search for files
45 fdisk - format partition
46 ftrace - trace kernes code calls
47 ffmpeg - video library
51 grep - text search utility
52 names after g/re/p from old UNIX editors
54 gimp - powerful image editor
55 gpg - public key engripion
60 halt - a way to shutdown your computer
61 head - print first few lines of files
62 hexdump - convert binary to hexdecimal
63 htop - command line process monitor
64 history - see the history that a user has put onto the shell
67 indent - a source code formatter
68 used to convert brace styles
69 info - GNU help browser
75 join - a relational operator
76 matches lines in two different files
77 jobs - show background processes
81 kill - the UNIX Task Manager
82 can kill signal processes
87 lex - a lexical analyzer or "lexer"
93 lspci - shows hardware info on the machine
95 lscpu - shows info about the cpu
96 lsblk - show block devices
107 mount - to put the files on a drive into the filesystem
110 nice - used to control process priority
111 only for the default process schedueler
112 use 'chrt' if you want to ramp up processing on a certain PID
113 ntp - syncs your clocks
115 netstat - show network connections
116 netcat - create connections to TCP/UDP ports
117 nslookup - will look up the name of a host
118 npv - an alternate to vlc
121 od - octal dump (hexidecimal with 8-bit instead of 16-bit)
122 objdump - dissassembler and more
125 passwd - used to change your login password
126 see also: shadow, pam, getent, htpasswd
127 patch - apply a diff to you file
128 ps/pstree - print running processes
129 ping - will send a packet trace to an IP target to check connectivity
131 printf - like echo, but you can format strings
134 quota - limit disk usage
135 see also 'limit' or 'ulimit'
139 ranlib - generates an index for an archive
140 for sorting 'r' tables
141 used during the compile process
142 rename - rename things
143 rsync - copyfiles between computers
144 rtorrent - bit torrent client
146 rmdir - remove a directory (if no files inside directory)
149 spell - a spell checker
150 sed - the stream editor
151 su/sudo - also makes you the boss
152 screen - terminal multiplexer
153 strace - trace system calls
159 true - to exit a program and output - 'true'
160 tex - you're looking at it
162 tac - like cat, but backwards
163 tacert - show the IP trace of routes (routers) that an IP packet needs
168 uniq - used to remove duplicate lines
170 uname - show kernel version
171 un* unzop/unxz/unshare/umount
175 also vim, elvis, vile, nvi, busybox
178 visudo - prevents you from breaking your sudo access
187 xournal- annotate pdfs
188 xxd - anaother hex dumper
189 xinit - setup things on x server
192 yes - used to repeat a line
193 answer "yes " to any prompt
194 yacc - yet another compiler
195 youtube-dl download music/videos
198 zcat - it will decompress files on the fly
200 zsh - bash with more completion
202 zentity - command like dialogs