2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
24 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
26 #include <asm/sections.h>
27 #include <asm/setup.h>
28 #include <asm/sizes.h>
30 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
32 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
33 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
34 #include <asm/memblock.h>
38 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
39 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
41 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
43 unsigned long start, size;
46 start = memparse(p, &endp);
48 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
50 phys_initrd_start = start;
51 phys_initrd_size = size;
55 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
57 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
59 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
60 "please update your bootloader.\n");
61 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
62 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
66 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
68 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
70 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
71 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
75 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
77 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
78 void __init early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
80 phys_initrd_start = start;
81 phys_initrd_size = end - start;
83 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
86 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
87 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
88 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
90 struct meminfo meminfo;
92 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
94 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
95 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
96 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
98 printk("Mem-info:\n");
99 show_free_areas(filter);
101 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
102 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
103 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
104 struct page *page, *end;
106 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
107 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
109 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
110 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
114 if (PageReserved(page))
116 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
118 else if (PageSlab(page))
120 else if (!page_count(page))
123 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
125 } while (page < end);
128 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
129 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
130 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
131 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
132 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
133 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
136 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
137 unsigned long *max_high)
139 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
142 /* This assumes the meminfo array is properly sorted */
143 *min = bank_pfn_start(&mi->bank[0]);
144 for_each_bank (i, mi)
145 if (mi->bank[i].highmem)
147 *max_low = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[i - 1]);
148 *max_high = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[mi->nr_banks - 1]);
151 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
152 unsigned long end_pfn)
154 struct memblock_region *reg;
155 unsigned int boot_pages;
160 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
161 * of memory which has already been mapped.
163 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
164 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
165 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
168 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
169 * memory banks over to bootmem.
172 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
173 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
175 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
176 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
177 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
178 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
185 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
188 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
189 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
190 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
191 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
198 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
199 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
203 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
205 unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly;
206 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size);
209 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
210 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
211 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
212 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
216 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
217 unsigned long dma_size)
219 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
222 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
223 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
224 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
229 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
230 unsigned long max_high)
232 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
233 struct memblock_region *reg;
236 * initialise the zones.
238 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
241 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
242 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
243 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
245 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
246 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
247 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
251 * Calculate the size of the holes.
252 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
254 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
255 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
256 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
257 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
259 if (start < max_low) {
260 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
261 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
263 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
265 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
266 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
271 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
273 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
276 if (arm_dma_zone_size) {
277 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
278 arm_dma_zone_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
279 arm_dma_limit = PHYS_OFFSET + arm_dma_zone_size - 1;
281 arm_dma_limit = 0xffffffff;
284 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
287 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
288 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
290 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn));
292 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
295 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
296 static void arm_memory_present(void)
300 static void arm_memory_present(void)
302 struct memblock_region *reg;
304 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
305 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
306 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
310 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi, struct machine_desc *mdesc)
314 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
315 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
317 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
318 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
319 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
321 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
323 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
324 if (phys_initrd_size &&
325 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
326 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
327 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
328 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
330 if (phys_initrd_size &&
331 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
332 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
333 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
334 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
336 if (phys_initrd_size) {
337 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
339 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
340 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
341 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
345 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
346 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
348 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
352 memblock_allow_resize();
356 void __init bootmem_init(void)
358 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
360 max_low = max_high = 0;
362 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
364 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
367 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
368 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
370 arm_memory_present();
373 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
378 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
379 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
380 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
382 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
385 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
386 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
387 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
389 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
390 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
392 max_low_pfn = max_low - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
393 max_pfn = max_high - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
396 static inline int free_area(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end, char *s)
398 unsigned int pages = 0, size = (end - pfn) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
400 for (; pfn < end; pfn++) {
401 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
402 ClearPageReserved(page);
403 init_page_count(page);
409 printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s, size);
415 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
416 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
418 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s, size_t count)
421 for (; count != 0; count -= 4)
426 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
428 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
429 unsigned long pg, pgend;
432 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
434 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
435 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
438 * Convert to physical addresses, and
439 * round start upwards and end downwards.
441 pg = (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
442 pgend = (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
445 * If there are free pages between these,
446 * free the section of the memmap array.
449 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
453 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
455 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
457 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
461 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
462 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
464 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
465 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
467 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
469 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
471 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
472 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
474 bank_start = min(bank_start,
475 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
478 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
479 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
480 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
482 bank_start = round_down(bank_start, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
485 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
486 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
488 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
489 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
492 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
493 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
494 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
496 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
499 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
500 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
501 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
502 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
506 static void __init free_highpages(void)
508 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
509 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
510 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
512 /* set highmem page free */
513 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
514 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
515 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
517 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
521 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
525 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
526 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
527 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
529 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
530 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
534 if (res_start < start)
540 if (res_start != start)
541 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, res_start,
548 /* And now free anything which remains */
550 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, end, NULL);
552 totalram_pages += totalhigh_pages;
557 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
558 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
559 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
561 void __init mem_init(void)
563 unsigned long reserved_pages, free_pages;
564 struct memblock_region *reg;
566 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
567 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
572 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
574 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
575 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
577 totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
580 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
581 totalram_pages += free_area(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET,
582 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(swapper_pg_dir)), NULL);
587 reserved_pages = free_pages = 0;
589 for_each_bank(i, &meminfo) {
590 struct membank *bank = &meminfo.bank[i];
591 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
592 struct page *page, *end;
594 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
595 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
597 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
598 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
601 if (PageReserved(page))
603 else if (!page_count(page))
606 } while (page < end);
610 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
611 * real number of pages we have in this system
613 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory:");
615 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
616 unsigned long pages = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg) -
617 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
618 num_physpages += pages;
619 printk(" %ldMB", pages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
621 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
623 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
624 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
625 free_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
626 reserved_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
627 totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10));
629 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
630 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
631 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
633 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
634 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
635 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
636 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
637 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
639 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
640 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
641 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
642 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
643 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
645 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
646 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
647 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
648 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
649 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
651 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
653 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
654 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
655 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
657 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
658 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
659 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
660 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
661 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
664 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
666 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
667 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
668 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
669 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
676 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
677 * be detected at build time already.
680 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
681 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
684 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
685 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
686 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
689 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && num_physpages <= 128) {
690 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
692 * On a machine this small we won't get
693 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
696 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
700 void free_initmem(void)
702 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
703 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
705 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end - &__tcm_start);
706 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_start)),
707 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_end)),
711 poison_init_mem(__init_begin, __init_end - __init_begin);
712 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
713 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_begin)),
714 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_end)),
718 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
720 static int keep_initrd;
722 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
725 poison_init_mem((void *)start, PAGE_ALIGN(end) - start);
726 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(start)),
727 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(end)),
732 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
738 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);