2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
23 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
24 #include <linux/sizes.h>
26 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
27 #include <asm/memblock.h>
29 #include <asm/sections.h>
30 #include <asm/setup.h>
32 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
34 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
35 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
39 static phys_addr_t phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
40 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
42 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
48 start = memparse(p, &endp);
50 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
52 phys_initrd_start = start;
53 phys_initrd_size = size;
57 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
59 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
61 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
62 "please update your bootloader.\n");
63 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
64 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
68 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
70 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
72 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
73 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
77 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
80 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
81 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
82 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
84 struct meminfo meminfo;
86 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
88 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
89 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
90 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
92 printk("Mem-info:\n");
93 show_free_areas(filter);
95 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
96 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
97 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
98 struct page *page, *end;
100 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
101 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
103 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
104 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
108 if (PageReserved(page))
110 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
112 else if (PageSlab(page))
114 else if (!page_count(page))
117 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
119 } while (page < end);
122 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
123 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
124 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
125 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
126 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
127 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
130 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
131 unsigned long *max_high)
133 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
136 /* This assumes the meminfo array is properly sorted */
137 *min = bank_pfn_start(&mi->bank[0]);
138 for_each_bank (i, mi)
139 if (mi->bank[i].highmem)
141 *max_low = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[i - 1]);
142 *max_high = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[mi->nr_banks - 1]);
145 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
146 unsigned long end_pfn)
148 struct memblock_region *reg;
149 unsigned int boot_pages;
154 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
155 * of memory which has already been mapped.
157 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
158 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
159 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
162 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
163 * memory banks over to bootmem.
166 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
167 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
169 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
170 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
171 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
172 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
179 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
182 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
183 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
184 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
185 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
192 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
193 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
197 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
199 phys_addr_t arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly;
200 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size);
203 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
204 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
205 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
206 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
208 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit;
209 unsigned long arm_dma_pfn_limit;
211 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
212 unsigned long dma_size)
214 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
217 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
218 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
219 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
224 void __init setup_dma_zone(const struct machine_desc *mdesc)
226 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
227 if (mdesc->dma_zone_size) {
228 arm_dma_zone_size = mdesc->dma_zone_size;
229 arm_dma_limit = PHYS_OFFSET + arm_dma_zone_size - 1;
231 arm_dma_limit = 0xffffffff;
232 arm_dma_pfn_limit = arm_dma_limit >> PAGE_SHIFT;
236 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
237 unsigned long max_high)
239 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
240 struct memblock_region *reg;
243 * initialise the zones.
245 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
248 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
249 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
250 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
252 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
253 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
254 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
258 * Calculate the size of the holes.
259 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
261 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
262 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
263 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
264 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
266 if (start < max_low) {
267 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
268 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
270 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
272 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
273 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
278 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
280 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
283 if (arm_dma_zone_size)
284 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
285 arm_dma_zone_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
288 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
291 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
292 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
294 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn));
296 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
299 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
300 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
304 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
306 struct memblock_region *reg;
308 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
309 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
310 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
314 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted = true;
316 phys_addr_t __init arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align)
320 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted);
322 phys = memblock_alloc_base(size, align, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE);
323 memblock_free(phys, size);
324 memblock_remove(phys, size);
329 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi,
330 const struct machine_desc *mdesc)
334 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
335 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
337 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
338 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
339 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
341 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
343 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
344 /* FDT scan will populate initrd_start */
346 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(initrd_start);
347 phys_initrd_size = initrd_end - initrd_start;
349 if (phys_initrd_size &&
350 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
351 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
352 (u64)phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
353 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
355 if (phys_initrd_size &&
356 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
357 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
358 (u64)phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
359 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
361 if (phys_initrd_size) {
362 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
364 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
365 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
366 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
370 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
371 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
373 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
378 * reserve memory for DMA contigouos allocations,
379 * must come from DMA area inside low memory
381 dma_contiguous_reserve(min(arm_dma_limit, arm_lowmem_limit));
383 arm_memblock_steal_permitted = false;
384 memblock_allow_resize();
388 void __init bootmem_init(void)
390 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
392 max_low = max_high = 0;
394 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
396 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
399 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
400 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
402 arm_memory_present();
405 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
410 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
411 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
412 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
414 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
417 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
418 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
419 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
422 max_low_pfn = max_low;
427 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
428 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
430 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s, size_t count)
433 for (; count != 0; count -= 4)
438 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
440 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
441 phys_addr_t pg, pgend;
444 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
446 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
447 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
450 * Convert to physical addresses, and
451 * round start upwards and end downwards.
453 pg = PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
454 pgend = __pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
457 * If there are free pages between these,
458 * free the section of the memmap array.
461 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
465 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
467 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
469 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
473 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
474 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
476 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
477 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
479 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
481 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
483 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
484 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
486 bank_start = min(bank_start,
487 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
490 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
491 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
492 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
494 bank_start = round_down(bank_start, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
497 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
498 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
500 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
501 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
504 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
505 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
506 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
508 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
511 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
512 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
513 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
514 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
518 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
519 static inline void free_area_high(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end)
521 for (; pfn < end; pfn++)
522 free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
526 static void __init free_highpages(void)
528 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
529 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn;
530 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
532 /* set highmem page free */
533 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
534 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
535 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
537 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
541 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
545 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
546 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
547 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
549 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
550 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
554 if (res_start < start)
560 if (res_start != start)
561 free_area_high(start, res_start);
567 /* And now free anything which remains */
569 free_area_high(start, end);
575 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
576 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
577 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
579 void __init mem_init(void)
581 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
582 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
587 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
589 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
590 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
594 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
595 free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_OFFSET), swapper_pg_dir, -1, NULL);
600 mem_init_print_info(NULL);
602 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
603 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
604 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
606 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
607 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
608 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
609 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
610 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
612 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
613 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
614 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
615 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
616 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
618 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
619 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
621 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
622 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
623 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
624 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
626 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
628 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
629 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
630 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
632 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
633 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
634 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
635 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
636 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
639 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
640 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
643 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
644 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
645 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
646 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
653 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
654 * be detected at build time already.
657 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
658 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
661 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
662 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
663 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
666 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && get_num_physpages() <= 128) {
667 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
669 * On a machine this small we won't get
670 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
673 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
677 void free_initmem(void)
679 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
680 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
682 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end - &__tcm_start);
683 free_reserved_area(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end, -1, "TCM link");
686 poison_init_mem(__init_begin, __init_end - __init_begin);
687 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
688 free_initmem_default(-1);
691 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
693 static int keep_initrd;
695 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
698 poison_init_mem((void *)start, PAGE_ALIGN(end) - start);
699 free_reserved_area((void *)start, (void *)end, -1, "initrd");
703 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
709 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);